HISTORY OF THE MOGHUL EMPIRE

welcome friends

Welcome

Thanks for sharing.

thanks for your precious comments

THANKS

thanks for sharing

thanks for info

thanks

nice ....

thanks you so much rich rich

nice

thanks

nice

thanks

good work

nice

thank 4 sharing this nice post

thanks for your precious comments

Thank you for this post!
I didn't know anything for this empire.
Thank you for introducing it to me!

thanks vicky for your precious views

very informative add
i really enjoyed to read this history of mughal empire very nice its start to BABAR and End with BHUHADAR SHAH ZAFAR

Great post

excelent blog! a real leson of history

Congratulations for leson of history

You could be a history teacher :)

thanks

Babur (February 23 [O.S. February 14] 1483 – January 5 [O.S. December 26, 1530] 1531) was a Muslim conqueror from Central Asia who, following a series of setbacks, finally succeeded in laying the basis for the Mughal dynasty of South Asia. He was a direct descendant of Timur through his father, and a descendant also of Genghis Khan through his mother.[1] Babur identified his lineage as Timurid and Chaghatay-Turkic, while his origin, milieu, training, and culture were steeped in Persian culture and so he was largely responsible for the fostering of this culture by his descendants, and for the expansion of Persian cultural influence in the Indian subcontinent, with brilliant literary, artistic, and historiographical results.[2][3]

Babur's name

?ahir ad-Din Mu?ammad (Persian: ????????? ????, also known by his royal titles as al-?ultanu 'l-?azam wa 'l-?aqan al-mukkarram padshah-e gazi), is more commonly known by his nickname, Babur (????).

According to Stephen Frederic Dale, the name Babur is derived from the Persian word babr, meaning "tiger", a word that repeatedly appears in Firdawsi's Shahnama[4][5] and had also been borrowed by the Turkic languages of Central Asia.[6][7] This thesis is supported by the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, explaining that the Turko-Mongol name Timur underwent a similar evolution, from the Sanskrit word cimara ("iron") via a modified version *cimr to the final Turkicized version timür, with -ür replacing -r due to the Turkish vowel harmony (hence babr ? babür).[8]

Contradicting these views, W.M. Thackston argues that the name cannot be taken from babr and instead must be derived from a word that has evolved out of the Indo-European word for beaver, pointing to the fact that the name is pronounced bah-bor[9] in both Persian and Turkic, similar to the Russian word for beaver (???? - bobr).

At that time the Chaghatái (descendants of Genghis Khan) were very rude and uncultured (bázári), and not refined (buzurg) as they are now; thus they found Zahir-ud-Din Muhammad difficult to pronounce, and for this reason gave him the name of Bábar. In the public prayers (khutba) and in royal mandates he is always styled 'Zahir-ud-Din Bábar Muhammad,' but he is best known by the name of Bábar Pádisháh.

Sources for the biography

The main source for Babur's biography is a written account of his life, written by Babur himself. His memoirs are known as the Baburnama and are considered the first true autobiography in Islamic literature. He wrote the Baburnama in Chaghatai Turkic, his mother-tongue, though his prose was highly Persianized in its sentence structure, morphology, and vocabulary.[4] The work gives a valuable impression of Babur's surrounding environment.[9]

History of the text and translations

The memoirs were originally much more extensive than they are now. The gaps in the text, particularly those between 1508 to 1519 and from 1520 to 1525, are likely the result of quires during a storm. A year before his death Babur was reworking parts of his memoirs in 1528-29. His son and successor Humayun knew Chaghatay well and read his father's memoirs. Babur corresponded with him in that language, correcting his spelling and commenting on his style. His grandson Akbar was enthroned at the age of fourteen when Humayun died in 1556. The young emperor was raised by the regent, Bayram Khan, an Iranian statesman whose father and grandfather had joined Babur's service. Bayram Khan himself wrote poetry in Chaghatay and Persian. His son, Abdul-Rahim, was fluent in Chaghatay, Urdu, and Persian and composed in all three languages. Using Babur's own text, he translated the Baburnama into Persian. The Chaghatay original was last seen in the imperial library sometime between 1628 and 1638 during Shah Jahangir's reign.

Background

The family tree of Babur

Babur was born on February 23 [O.S. February 14] 1483[12] in the town of Andijan, in the Fergana Valley in contemporary Uzbekistan. He was the eldest son of Omar Sheykh Mirza,[13] ruler of the Fergana Valley, the son of Abu Sa?id Mirza (and grandson of Miran Shah, who was himself son of Timur) and his wife Qutlugh Nigar Khanum, daughter of Yunus Khan, the ruler of Moghulistan (and great-great grandson of Tughlugh Timur, the son of Esen Buqa II, who was the great-great-great grandson of Chaghatai Khan, the second born son of Genghis Khan)[9][14][15]

Although Babur hailed from the Barlas tribe which was of Mongol origin, his tribe had embraced Turkic[16] and Persian culture,[2][17][18] converted to Islam and resided in Turkestan and Khorasan. His mother tongue was the Chaghatai language (known to Babur as Turki, "Turkic") and he was equally at home in Persian, the lingua franca of the Timurid elite.[19]

Hence Babur, though nominally a Mongol (or Moghul in Persian language), drew much of his support from the local Turkic and Iranian peoples of Central Asia, and his army was diverse in its ethnic makeup, including Tajiks (Sarts as called by Babur),[9] Pashtuns (Afghans), Arabs, as well as Barlas and Chaghatayid Turco-Mongols from Central Asia.[20] Babur's army also included Qizilbash fighters, a militant religious order of Shi'a Sufis from Safavid Persia who later became one of the most influential groups in the Mughal court.

Babur is said to have been extremely strong and physically fit. He could allegedly carry two men, one on each of his shoulders, and then climb slopes on the run, just for exercise. Legend holds that Babur swam across every major river he encountered, including twice across the Ganges River in North India.[21] His passions could be equally strong. In his first marriage he was "bashful" towards ?A?isha ?ultan Begum, later losing his affection for her.[22] Babur also had a great passion to kill people, cut heads of people and create pillars out of cut head. He claimed to have created several such pillars in his autobiography.[23]

Though religion had a central place in his life, Babur also approvingly quoted a line of poetry by one of his contemporaries: "I am drunk, officer. Punish me when I am sober." Babur related that one of his uncles "was addicted to vice and debauchery. He kept a lot of catamites. In his realm, wherever there was a comely, beardless youth, he did everything he could to turn him into one. During his time this vice was so widespread, that to keep catamites was considered a virtue."

He gave up drinking alcohol only two years before his death for health reasons, and demanded that his court do the same. But he did not stop chewing narcotic preparations, and did not lose his sense of irony. He wrote:[24]

thank you so much saima for you precious comments and share more history about baber

A million thanks to Steve for sharing some of his fantastic collection with me!

thanks a lot

We used to root for the Indians against the cavalry, because we didn't think it was fair in the history books that when the cavalry won it was a great victory, and when the Indians won it was a massacre. ~Dick Gregory

wow.....thnx or sharing..
i read it in 10th standard u again make my memories alive
thnx for sharing

nice

thanks my dear

nice info

thanks

NICE WORK

robust

thanks for sharing this nice post!!!!!!!!

good post