A Visual Guide to Erectile Dysfunction

What Is Erectile Dysfunction (ED)?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs when a man has repeated problems sustaining an erection. Without treatment, ED can make s.e.xual intercourse difficult. The condition, sometimes called impotence, affects an estimated 15 million to 30 million men in the U.S. While the topic was once taboo, awareness has skyrocketed with recent advances in treatment for ED.

ED vs. Poor Libido

There are several forms of male s.e.xual dysfunction, including poor libido and problems with ejaculation. But ED refers specifically to problems achieving or maintaining an erection. Men with ED often have a healthy libido, yet the body fails to respond. In most cases, there is a physical basis for the problem.

Symptoms of ED

Symptoms of ED include:

• Erections that are too soft for s.e.x.
• Erections that last only briefly.
• An inability to achieve erections.

These symptoms may occur every time s.e.x is initiated or only some of the time.

Who Gets ED?

ED becomes more common as men age, but it is not a part of aging. At age 40, about 5% of men experience ED. At age 65, this number jumps to between 15% and 25%. But this does not mean growing older is the end of your s.e.x life. ED can be treated at any age.

The Mechanics of ED

An erection occurs when blood fills two chambers known as the corpora cavernosa. This causes the p.e.nis to expand and stiffen, much like a balloon as it is filled with water. The process is triggered by impulses from the brain and genital nerves. Anything that blocks these impulses or restricts blood flow to the p.e.nis can result in ED.

Causes of ED: Chronic Disease

The link between chronic disease and ED is most striking for diabetes (depicted here by a blood sugar test). Nearly one out of every two men with diabetes experiences ED. Other conditions that may cause ED include cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), kidney disease, and multiple sclerosis. These illnesses can impair blood flow or nerve impulses throughout the body.

Causes of ED: Lifestyle

Lifestyle choices that impair blood circulation can contribute to ED. Smoking, excessive drinking, and drug abuse may damage the blood vessels and reduce blood flow to the p.e.nis. Smoking makes men with atherosclerosis particularly vulnerable to ED. Being overweight and getting too little exercise are other possible risk factors.

Causes of ED: Surgery