Understanding Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

RA is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the lining of the joints. The body tissue is mistakenly attacked by its own immune system. RA may also affect the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, blood, or nerves. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disorder, meaning that although there may be occasional symptom-free periods, the disease can worsen over time and may never go away. Early, aggressive treatment is key to slowing or stopping its progression.

RA Symptoms

Similar to other types of arthritis, joint inflammation from RA comes with pain, warmth, and swelling. But unlike other types of arthritis, the inflammation is typically symmetrical, occurring on both sides of the body simultaneously (such as the wrists, knees, or hands). Other symptoms of RA include joint stiffness, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity; ongoing fatigue, and low-grade fever. Symptoms typically develop gradually over years, but can come on rapidly for some people.

Who Gets Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Affecting about 1% of the U.S. population, RA usually strikes between ages 30-50, but younger and older people can also be affected. RA occurs 2-3 times more often in women than in men. Other risk factors include cigarette smoking and family history.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Causes

Immune cells, such as lymphocytes, normally protect the body from foreign invaders. What causes them to target healthy joints and tissue is unknown, but researchers believe some combination of genetics and environmental factors may play a role. There may be a genetic predisposition in some people who, if they develop an infection with a particular bacterium or virus, go on to develop the condition. But to date, no specific infection has been identified.

RA’s Toll on the Joints

Inflammation of the lining of the joints (called synovium) can destroy cartilage and bone, causing deformity of the joints. As the condition progresses, joints can develop considerable pain and loss of function.

RA’s Toll on the Body